天台法華宗年分得度學生名帳
The Student Name-register for the Annually-allotted Ordinands of the Tendai Dharma Flower School
(JPN: Tendai Hokke Shū Nenbun Tokudo Gakushō Myōchō)
ATTRIBUTION
Translated into English by Rev. Jikai 慈海 Tyler Dehn デイーン
©Translation by Jikai Tyler Dehn @ The Saichō Repository 最澄典藏 Project, licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Available at: [insert URL of specific text page].
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Text Overview:
The Tendai Hokke Shū Nenbun Tokudo Gakushō Myōchō or Student Name-register for the Annually-allotted Ordinands of the Tendai Dharma Flower School, is a list of all 24 annually allotted students of the Tendai School between 807 – 818 A.D.. In many of Master Saichō’s petitions advocating alternative precept and ordination requirements for his new school, we can feel a distinct urgency in their tone. Many scholars have put this urgency down to political considerations on the one hand, and the need for the school to distinguish itself from the others and receive official recognition, before the master’s death in 822 A.D.. All of these factors certainly played a role in Saichō’s rationale. But it becomes all too easy to assume that his remonstration that the Bodhisattva Precepts are all that is necessary for the ordination and life of a Bodhisattva-monk, was a largely ‘political’ or ‘sectarian’ decision. Some may wonder from this, whether or not Saichō really believed these things in his heart of hearts?
But documents like the present one, tell a very different, and religiously pertinent story. Of the 24 annually allotted students named, less than half remained on Mount Hiei at the time of its writing. Elsewhere, in the Petitions on Putting Forward the Kenkairon 上顯戒論表, The Master seems to imply that he firmly believed that the reason so many had thus far fled from the Mother Mountain 母山, was because the current ordination procedures were not conducive conditions for the flourishing of the Perfect Teachings. When we look at lists like the following, it is very hard to dismiss the idea that Saichō was on these occasions, speaking from the heart. He was well aware of the revolutionary nature of his proposals. And we should therefore expect not common political manoeuvring or sectarian rivalry as its cause, but rather, some equally unprecedented and sincere concern at its base.
While the inclusion on this list of such illustrious figures as Ennin and Kōjō excite the imagination, we should not forget the sombre reality of this simple document…
TEXT:
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| [During the period] from the second year of Daidō (807 A.D.) until the ninth year of Kōnin (818 A.D.), a total of 24 individuals [were ordained,] and of these: A group of ten remain on the mountain. [The others left due to]: being taken back by their [original schools], [needing to] care for their mothers, various circumstances, and one has passed away. | 自大同二年至于弘仁九年。合貳拾肆口之中（住山一十口。相奪・養母・隨縁・死去一口）。 | 自大同二年，至于弘仁九年，合貳拾肆口之中: (住山一十口、相奪、養母、隨縁，死去一口)。 |
| Venerable Kōkai: (caring for his elderly mother; not residing on the mountain). MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. [ORDAINED AT]: Kōfukuji. | 僧光戒（養老母不住山） 師主比叡山最澄 興福寺 | 僧光戒 (養老母不住山) 師主: 比叡山最澄 興福寺。 |
| Venerable Kōnin: (travelling for training; not residing on the mountain). MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 僧光仁（巡遊修行不住山） 師主比叡山最澄。 | 僧光仁 (巡遊修行不住山) 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| Venerable Kōchi (taken back by the Hossō school) MASTER: unknown. [ORDAINED AT]: Saidaiji. | 僧光智（法相宗相奪） 不知師主 西大寺。 | 僧光智 (法相宗相奪) 不知師主 西大寺。 |
| Venerable Kōbō (taken back by the Hossō school) MASTER: unknown. [ORDAINED AT]: Gangōji. | 僧光法（法相宗相奪） 不知師主 元興寺。 | 僧光法 (法相宗相奪) 不知師主 元興寺。 |
| The aforementioned four individuals are from the four year period of the second (807 A.D.), third (808 A.D.), fourth (809 A.D.), and fifth years (810 A.D.) of Daidō. They were ordinands for the Tendai Dharma Flower School’s Vairocana Tantra Course. | 已上四人。大同二年三年四年五年。合四箇年。天台法華宗遮那經業得度者。 | 已上四人，大同二年、三年、四年、五年，合四箇年。 天台法華宗，遮那經業，得度者。 |
| Venerable Kōchū (Died, in the summer of the sixth year of Kōnin (815 A.D.). | 僧光忠（死去。弘仁六年夏） | 僧光忠 (死去，弘仁六年夏) |
| Venerable Kōjō (Residing on the mountain) MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 僧光定（住山） 師主比叡山最澄。 | 僧光定 (住山) 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| Venerable Kōzen (Taken back by the Hossō school) MASTER: unknown. [ORDAINED AT]: Saidaiji. | 僧光善（法相宗相奪） 不知師主 西大寺 | 僧光善 (法相宗相奪) 不知師主 西大寺 |
| Venerable Kōshū (Taken back by the Hossō school) MASTER: unknown. [ORDAINED AT]: Gangōji. | 僧光秀（法相宗相奪） 不知師主 興福寺 | 僧光秀 (法相宗相奪) 不知師主 興福寺 |
| The aforementioned four individuals are from the four year period of the second (807 A.D.), third (808 A.D.), fourth (809 A.D.), and fifth years (810 A.D.) of Daidō. They were ordinands for the Tendai Dharma Flower School’s Great Śamatha-vipaśyanā [Treatise] Course. | 已上四人。大同二年三年四年五年。合四箇年。天台法華宗。摩訶止觀業得度者。 | 已上四人，大同二年、三年、四年、五年，合四箇年。 天台法華宗，摩訶止觀業，得度者。 |
| Venerable Tokuzen (Residing on the mountain) [ORDAINED AT]: Kōfukuji. [TRAINING IN]: the Vairocana Tantra Course. MASTER: Precept Master Shūen. | 僧徳善（住山） 興福寺 遮那經業 師主律師修圓。 | 僧徳善 (住山) 興福寺 遮那經業 師主: 律師修圓。 |
| Venerable Jinpū (Not residing on the mountain). [ORDAINED AT]: Dai’anji. [TRAINING IN]: the Śamatha-vipaśyanā [Treatise] Course. MASTER: Precept Master Eichū. | 僧仁風（不住山） 大安寺 止觀業 師主律師永忠。 | 僧仁風 (不住山) 大安寺 止觀業 師主: 律師永忠。 |
| The aforementioned two individuals are the yearly-allotted ordinands [for the] second year of Kōnin (811 A.D.). | 已上二人。弘仁二年。年分得度者。 | 已上二人，弘仁二年，年分得度者。 |
| Venerable Tokushin (Not residing on the mountain). [ORDAINED AT]: Kōfukuji. [TRAINING IN]: the Vairocana Tantra Course. MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 僧徳眞（不住山）興福寺 遮那經業 師主比叡山最澄。 | 僧徳眞 (不住山) 興福寺 遮那經業 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| Venerable Tokuen (Residing on the mountain) [ORDAINED AT]: Kōfukuji. [TRAINING IN]: the Śamatha-vipaśyanā [Treatise] Course. MASTER: Dentō Man’i of Dai’anji, the Venerable Shūchō. | 僧徳圓（住山） 興福寺 止觀業 師主大安寺傳燈滿位僧修澄。 | 僧徳圓 (住山) 興福寺 止觀業 師主: 大安寺傳燈滿位僧修澄。 |
| The aforementioned two individuals are the yearly-allotted ordinands [for the] third year of Kōnin (812 A.D.). | 已上二人。弘仁三年。年分得度者。 | 已上二人，弘仁三年，年分得度者。 |
| Venerable Enjō (Not residing on the mountain). [ORDAINED AT]: Kōfukuji. (Taken back by the Hossō school under Special Decree). | 僧圓貞（不住山）興福寺 別勅法相宗相奪。 | 僧圓貞 (不住山) 興福寺 別勅法相宗相奪。 |
| Venerable Enshō (Residing on the mountain) [ORDAINED AT]: Kōfukuji. [TRAINING IN]: the Śamatha-vipaśyanā [Treatise] Course. MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 僧圓正（住山） 興福寺 止觀業 師主比叡山最澄。 | 僧圓正 (住山) 興福寺 止觀業 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| The aforementioned two individuals are the yearly-allotted ordinands [for the] fourth year of Kōnin (813 A.D.). | 已上二人。弘仁四年。年分得度者。 | 已上二人，弘仁四年，年分得度者。 |
| Venerable Enshū (Not residing on the mountain). [ORDAINED AT]: Kōfukuji. (Freely chose to transfer to the Takao[sanji] Lineage (高雄山寺 ) [of the Shingon School] (眞言宗 )) [TRAINED IN]: the Vairocana Tantra Course. MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 僧圓修（不住山）興福寺（自移高雄家） 遮那經業 師主比叡山最澄。 | 僧圓修 (不住山) 興福寺 (自移高雄家) 遮那經業 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| Venerable Ennin (Residing on the mountain) [ORDAINED AT]: Kōfukuji. [TRAINING IN]: the Śamatha-vipaśyanā [Treatise] Course. MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 僧圓仁（住山） 興福寺 止觀業 師主比叡山最澄。 | 僧圓仁 (住山) 興福寺 止觀業 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| The aforementioned two individuals are the yearly-allotted ordinands [for the] fifth year of Kōnin (814 A.D.). | 已上二人。弘仁五年。年分得度者。 | 已上二人，弘仁五年，年分得度者。 |
| Venerable Dō’e (Not residing on the mountain). [ORDAINED AT]: Kōfukuji. [TRAINING IN]: the Vairocana Tantra Course. MASTER:… | 僧道慧（不住山） 興福寺 遮那業 師主。 | 僧道慧 (不住山) 興福寺 遮那業 師主: …。 |
| Ekayāna Śrāmaṇera Gen’e (Residing on the mountain) [ORDAINED AT]: the Shikan’in on Mount Hiei. [TRAINING IN]: the Śamatha-vipaśyanā [Treatise] Course. MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 一乘沙彌玄慧（住山） 比叡山止觀院 止觀業 師主比叡山最澄。 | 一乘沙彌玄慧 (住山) 比叡山止觀院 止觀業 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| The aforementioned two individuals are the yearly-allotted ordinands [for the] sixth year of Kōnin (815 A.D.). | 已上二人。弘仁六年。年分得度者。 | 已上二人，弘仁六年，年分得度者。 |
| Venerable Jōken (Not residing on the mountain). [ORDAINED AT]: Temple not presently known. (Taken back by the Hossō school under Special Decree). MASTER: not presently known. | 僧正見（不住山） 未知入寺 別勅法相宗相奪 師主未識。 | 僧正見 (不住山) 未知入寺 別勅法相宗相奪 師主: 未識。 |
| Venerable Jōshi (caring for his elderly mother; not residing on the mountain). [ORDAINED AT]: Temple not presently known. [TRAINING IN]: the Śamatha-vipaśyanā [Treatise] Course. MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 僧正思（養老母不住山） 未入寺 止觀業 師主比叡山最澄。 | 僧正思 (養老母不住山) 未入寺 止觀業 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| The aforementioned two individuals are the yearly-allotted ordinands [for the] seventh year of Kōnin (816 A.D.). | 已上二人。弘仁七年。年分得度者。 | 已上二人，弘仁七年，年分得度者。 |
| Ekayāna Śrāmaṇera Dōei [ORDAINED AT]: the Shikan’in on Mount Hiei. [TRAINING IN]: the Vairocana Tantra Course. MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 一乘沙彌道叡 比叡山止觀院 遮那經業 師主比叡山最澄 | 一乘沙彌道叡 比叡山止觀院 遮那經業 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| Ekayāna Śrāmaṇera Dōshō [ORDAINED AT]: the Shikan’in on Mount Hiei. [TRAINING IN]: the Śamatha-vipaśyanā [Treatise] Course. MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 一乘沙彌道紹 比叡山止觀院 止觀業 師主比叡山最澄。 | 一乘沙彌道紹 比叡山止觀院 止觀業 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| The aforementioned two individuals are the yearly-allotted ordinands [for the] eighth year of Kōnin (817 A.D.). | 已上二人。弘仁八年。年分得度者。 | 已上二人，弘仁八年，年分得度者。 |
| Ekayāna Śrāmaṇera Kōzen [ORDAINED AT]: the Shikan’in on Mount Hiei. [TRAINING IN]: the Vairocana Tantra Course. MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 一乘沙彌興善 比叡山止觀院 遮那業 師主比叡山最澄。 | 一乘沙彌興善 比叡山止觀院 遮那業 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| Ekayāna Śrāmaṇera Kōshō [ORDAINED AT]: the Shikan’in on Mount Hiei. [TRAINING IN]: the Śamatha-vipaśyanā [Treatise] Course. MASTER: Saichō of Mount Hiei. | 一乘沙彌興勝 比叡山止觀院 止觀業 師主比叡山最澄。 | 一乘沙彌興勝 比叡山止觀院 止觀業 師主: 比叡山最澄。 |
| The aforementioned two individuals are the yearly-allotted ordinands [for the] ninth year of Kōnin (818 A.D.). | 已上二人。弘仁九年。年分得度者。 | 已上二人，弘仁九年，年分得度者。 |
| Ekayāna Śrāmaṇera Kōshin | 一乘沙彌弘眞。 | 一乘沙彌弘眞。 |
| Ekayāna Śrāmaṇera Kōen | 一乘沙彌弘圓。 | 一乘沙彌弘圓。 |
| The aforementioned two individuals are the yearly-allotted ordinands [for the] tenth year of Kōnin (819 A.D.). | 已上二人。弘仁十年。年分得度者。 | 已上二人，弘仁十年，年分得度者。 |
校正本： 比叡山延暦寺藏宗祖眞蹟本。